Broke Idols in Kaabah: There were 360 idols inside the Kaaba representing the different pagan Arab gods. The idols within the Kaaba= the Soul and the Chakras. Zamzam.com uses cookies for proper & secured functioning of the site, and personalizing its content & advertising to ensure a superior user experience. The people took out the pictures of Abraham and Ishmael holding Azlams in their hands. He also said that the Quraysh tribe manufactured, traded and exported idols to India. To begin, please don't take this offensively, I'm just genuinely curious. . Black God. A similar view is printed on the obverse side of 500-riyal (approximately 133 USD) notes in Saudi Arabia. There are six tablets with inscriptions on the wall just adjacent to its entrance. The Kaaba and the Mataaf are surrounded by pilgrims every day of the Islamic year, except the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, known as the Day of Arafah, on which the cloth covering the structure, known as the Kiswah (Arabic: , romanized:Kiswah, lit. Being a symbol of the Oneness of Allah (SWT), the Holy Kaaba holds great significance in the hearts of Muslims around the world. [2] The Kaaba alone was said to have contained up to 100 images of many gods and goddesses. Dr. Omar Ayoub is a tech enthusiast and a part time researcher and accounts authorship of several international publications. The Quran is very clear that worshipping a stone is idol worship an. The Kaaba interior houses a plaque with the names of rulers who took part in the renovations of the holy Kaaba. No one worships the Black Stone or the Kaaba. [Quran2:144][67] In 628 CE, Muhammad led a group of Muslims towards Mecca with the intention of performing the Umrah, but was prevented from doing so by the Quraysh. Our experts will understand your specific requirements &, United Experts For Information Systems Technology, A joint venture with, Information for Travellers During COVID-19, Inside The Holy Kaaba The House Of Allah. "Jehovah" is the only revealed proper name for the "Elohim" of the Old Testament ( Ex 3:13; 6:3) and "Jesus" is the only revealed proper name of "Theos" in the New Testament. Answer: The Kaaba, located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is a cube-shaped structure that is considered the most sacred site in Islam. Once a year, tribes from all around the Arabian Peninsula would converge on Mecca to perform the Hajj pilgrimage, which was a mark of the widespread conviction that Allah was the same deity worshipped by monotheists. [8] In the Qur'an, from the era of the life of Muhammad, the Kaaba is mentioned by the following names: According to historian Eduard Glaser, the name "Kaaba" may have been related to the southern Arabian or Ethiopian word "mikrab", signifying a temple. Later on, each family had their own idol, and they brought their idols to the Kaaba. [1] Up until about the fourth century AD, polytheism was the dominant form of religion in Arabia. The Kaaba itself is Islams holiest site. Hajj pilgrims are generally advised to "make awf" at least twice once as part of the Hajj, and again before leaving Mecca. The floor of the interior stands about 2.2m (7ft 3in) above the ground area where tawaf is performed. According to the Islamic culture, Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) kissed the stone inside Kaaba, and following his path, pilgrims try to kiss it when performing Hajj or Umrah. Allah's Apostle said, "May Allah curse these people. [Quran2:143144] The direction faced during prayer is the direction of the Kaaba, relative to the person praying. idols in kaaba - kaaba history in urdu - isaf and naila history - two strange idols in kaabaidols in kaaba kaaba history in urdu isaf and naila history two . They have already misled many, and (O Lord!) The ceremony takes place on the 1st of Sha'baan, the eighth month of the Islamic calendar, around thirty days before the start of the month of Ramadan and on the 15th of Muharram, the first month. While crossing it, one must recite takbeer Allahu Akbar. Inside the holy Kaaba, there is a plaque that has the names of all the rulers that were a part of the reconstruction of Kaaba. Her cult was spread throughout the, Ma'n is one of the nomadic gods of the Arabs in Palmyra, paired with Sha'd. It is the house of Allah. People going to Saudi Arabia for Hajj or Umrah, circle seven times around the Kaaba in a counter-clockwise direction offering prayers to Allah. We gave the site, to Ibrahim, of the (Sacred) House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer). Sabaean inscription listing the gods Athtar, Almaqah, Dhat-Himyam, Dhat-Badan and Wadd. It is possible that the Lihyanite deity QM (Qawm) is a hypocoristic of his name . Setting aside any tribal feuds, they would worship their gods in the Kaaba and trade with each other in the city. How unique is the name Kaaba? Every year on the second day of Hajj, the cloth is replaced by another one. There was another goddess idol which the residents of Thaqeef in Taif worshipped and which was taken care of by Banu Mu`attib of Thaqeef, and this was the Lat. His name is derived from the root "to be wise". At a metaphorical level, idolatry . Christian Julien Robin suggests that this structure of the divine world reflected the society of the time. Al-Harish is a god worshipped by the Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal of the Aws tribe. [11] Author Patricia Crone disputes this etymology.[12]. The Ka'aba was damaged several times after Mohammad's death, and with each repair, it took on an altered appearance. These places of worship had their own clergy and caretakers, and offerings to them were made. Nothing has changed the black stone has the power of atonement for the muslim it has the power only God has and tis in the Kaaba. The Holy Kaaba (Khana Kaaba) is not the actual house of God, but it is a metaphorical place of His residence. Syracuse University Press. Pre-Islamic groups followed many gods and stored idols and statues within the Kaaba. You can search for fatwa through many choices. A Graphic view of inside the Kaaba, 360 degree view, Video Credit slamn Inda Aratrma. Prophet (S.A.W.) The Kaaba and the Black Stone signify the unification of all Muslims and are a safe house for them. According to Karen Armstrong, the sanctuary was dedicated to Hubal, who was worshipped as the greatest of the 360 idols the Kaaba contained, which probably represented the days of the year. This short Nestorian (Christian origin) chronicle written no later than the 660s CE covers the history up to the Arab conquest and also gives an interesting note on Arabian geography. It is possible the name you are searching has less than five occurrences per year. They, together, stand for the supreme power that is Allah. There are specific markings on the floor that signify the spot where Prophet Muhammad is believed to have prayed when he entered the Kaaba. Since he lived in tents, he built that place for the worship of God and for the offering of sacrifices. Those who worshipped Ya`uq were Khaywan people who descended from Hamdan and who resided mostly in Yemen. Balaw is a god worshipped in the kingdom of Awsan alongside Wadd. On its eastern side, the Black Stone is believed to have fallen from heaven in the times of Adam and Eve. Shay al-Qawm is also attested in Palmyra in an inscription dedicated by a Nabataean. Syn was the chief-god of the Hadhramites. Every Tribe, and house, had their own idol, and the Sacred House Kaaba was overcrowded with them. The idol was made of red agate and shaped like a human, but with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand. The writers of the Safaitic script frequently invoked al-Lat in their inscriptions. [20] According to reports collected by Ibn Ishaq and al-Azraqi, Muhammad spared a painting of Mary and Jesus, and a fresco of Ibrahim. He is named in an Assyrian inscription as Ruldaiu and is frequently mentioned in Thamudic and Safaitic inscriptions. [97], The Tawaf has its origins in the religion of the Najranite pagans, who walked around the Kaaba in an act of devotion to their creator god, Allah (not to be confused with the monotheistic god of Islam by the same name). This is the second dateable text mentioning the Kaaba, first being some verses from the Quran. 'House of Allah'). It took its present name from what it had been, since the memory of the place was preserved with the generations of their race. Copyright IslamWeb 2023. His father said: "These are your grand elevated gods." The keys to the Kaaba are held by the Ban Shaybah (Arabic: ) tribe, an honor bestowed upon them by Muhammad. She made the comment on the backdrop of the concerted attacks against minority Hindus in Bangladesh on the occasion of Vijaya Dashami. Later, a house of worship was built on the location and was lost during the flood in Nuh (Noah)'s time and was finally rebuilt by Ibrahim and Ismail as mentioned later in the Quran. How did the Arabs worship those stone idols? Amr said to them, Could you please give me an idol so I may take it to the land of the Arabs to worship it?, And they have said (to each other), `Do not abandon your gods; abandon neither Wudd nor Suwa`, neither Yagth nor Ya`q, nor Nasr.' Hubal is a god associated with divination. Verily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for mankind. [101] Members of the tribe greet visitors to the inside of the Kaaba on the occasion of the cleaning ceremony. 360 idols Hubal most prominently appeared at Mecca, where an image of him was worshipped at the Kaaba. Prior to Islam, the Kaaba was a holy site for the various Bedouin tribes throughout the Arabian Peninsula. ; Kaba. grant no increase to the wrongdoers except in straying (from the right path). (Quran, 71:23-24). Then he saw the picture of Maryam, so he put his hands on it and he said: "Erase what is in it [the Kaaba] in the way of pictures except the picture of Maryam. Al-Qayn is a god worshipped by the Banu 'Amr ibn 'Awf of the Aws tribe. The idol was the fundamental god in the reign of Quraysh. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. Otherwise known as the House of Allah (SWT), the Holy Kaaba is considered one of the most sacred places on earth. According to Islamic history, the Kaaba was rebuilt several times throughout history, most famously by Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Ismail (Ishmael), when he returned to the valley of Mecca several years after leaving his wife Hajar (Hagar) and Ismail there upon Allah's command. Deities represented the forces of nature, love, death, and so on, and were interacted to by a variety of rituals. Every single one of these deities matches the Devi-Mahatmya's textual description of Devi Durga:-1. He replied "The mosque of Al-Aqsa (in Jerusalem)." Probably originating as an aspect of Ruda, he is associated with the Sun and the planet Mercury. Mecca is the holiest city within . The Holy Kaaba, also know as Khana Kaaba is not the actual house of God, but it is a metaphorical place of Allahs residence. As for the idol Wadd, it was worshipped by the tribe of Kalb at Daumat-al-Jandal; Suwa' was the idol of (the tribe of) Murad and then by Ban, Ghutaif at Al-Jurf near Saba; Yauq was the idol of Hamdan, and Nasr was the idol of Himyr . When Muhammad conquered Mecca in 631 AD, he allegedly entered the Kaaba and destroyed the 360 idols in its precincts shouting: "False-hood is destroyed; truth prevails". "[55] In Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam, Patricia Crone argues that the identification of Macoraba with Mecca is false and that Macoraba was a town in southern Arabia in what was then known as Arabia Felix. Atarquruma is a god worshipped by the Qedarites mentioned in an Assyrian inscription. He holds a PhD in Computer Science from USA and has an experience of more than 10 years in Saudi Arabia working in tourism, hospitality, education, technology and retail sector. In the, Wadd is the national god of the Minaeans and he was also associated with snakes. Amr wanted an idol from them to bring to Mecca with him, and they gave him the idol called Hubal. [24][19], al-Azraqi provides the following narrative on the authority of his grandfather:[19], I have heard that there was set up in al-Bayt (referring to the Kaaba) a picture (Arabic: , romanized:Timthal, lit. The Kaaba, meaning cube in Arabic, is a square building, elegantly draped in a silk and cotton veil. Following the orders of God, Ibrahim is said to have built a monument at the site of the spring known as the Kaaba. On the Prophet Sallallaahu Alaihi Wasallam's conquest of Makkah, 360 Idols were found inside Al-Ka'aba. IMPORTANT : All content hosted onAl-Islam.orgis solely for non-commercial purposes and with the permission of original copyright holders. As I approached adulthood, my father led me to a chamber of idols (Kaaba). The Kaaba (Arabic: , romanized:al-Kaba, lit. It is the eastern cornerstone of the Kaaba, the ancient sacred stone building towards which Muslims pray, in the center of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. In. Qaynan is a Sabaean god, and based on etymology, might be a god of smiths. The structure was severely damaged by a fire on 3 Rabi' I 64 AH or Sunday, 31 October 683 CE, during the first siege of Mecca in the war between the Umayyads and 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr,[74] an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of Ali and the consolidation of power by the Umayyads. Muhammad destroyed the idols inside the Ka'aba and re-dedicated it as a house of monotheistic worship. Behold! [25] However, by the time of Muhammad's era, it seems that the Kaaba was venerated as the shrine of Allah, the High God. "The Kaaba is a large masonry structure roughly the shape of a cube. Covered with a sacred black silk cloth called Kiswah, the Holy Kaaba holds great importance in terms of Islam's history . 'Ram Mandir will be destroyed like 360 idols of Kaaba': Al Qaeda's Ghazwa-e-Hind magazine asks Indian Muslims to wage war against 'Hindu' rule. Datin is a god primarily known from inscriptions in northern Arabia, but his function is unknown. The ceiling itself is of a darker colour, similar in hue to the lower trimming. In 1982, the door was beautified with solid gold. This is an early record from the Rashidun caliphate, of a Christian origin that explicitly mentions the Kaaba, and confirms the idea that not just the Arabs but certain Christians as well, associated the site with Ibrahim in the seventh century. Is Sa`d anything but a stone in a plain of land That calls for neither misguidance nor guidance? How many idols were destroyed in the Kaaba? It is of great importance in Islamic culture. kabah k but torhnh ka waqia kb hua | | Reality of breaking Idols in the Kaaba#kabahkbuttorhnhkawaqiakbhua | | #. Al-Kutbay is a god of writing worshipped by the Nabataeans. Inside this Idol Kaaba, there are "Verses" written; carved on it. His lineage joins with that of the Prophet (S.A.W.) Ka and Ba are the male and . Al-Sa'ida was a god whose cult image stood on Mount Uhud, but it is not known if he was worshipped in a temple (haram). Salah Al-Sayer. [Quran22:2633], According to Islamic tradition, over the millennia after Ismail's death, his progeny and the local tribes who settled around the Zamzam well gradually turned to polytheism and idolatry. It has also been stolen in the past. This is in something other than the Quran. Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo. 5416. Along the top corners of the walls runs a black cloth embroidered with gold Qur'anic verses. It was also said that Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufian was an . Historians say that . The Black Stone is displayed on the corner of the Kaaba, an ancient building at the center of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. [27] A king named Tubba' is considered the first one to have a door be built for the Kaaba according to sayings recorded in Al-Azraqi's Akhbar Makka. sources-mekorot. Among the 360 idols which surrounded the main shrine of the destroyed Kaaba were 16 magnificient ones that bordered the sanctum sanctorium. Only a few people have seen or are aware of what is inside Kaaba. Albert LaFarge), Arabia Felix From The Time Of The Queen Of Sheba, Eighth Century B.C. At the centre of Al-Haram mosque in Makkah, stands the most sacred building called the Kaaba. Hubal in Kaaba Hubal most prominently appeared at Mecca, where an image of him was worshipped at the Kaaba. Pilgrimage to a holy site is a core principle of almost all faiths. Where is Abdullah now, the name that means slave to Allah, Well . Doak (2011) asserts that approximately 400 years before Muhammad was born, Amr bin Lahyo placed an idol on the Kaaba's roof. Muhammad reportedly cleansed the Kaaba of idols upon his victorious return to Mecca, returning the shrine to theRead More The Prophet (S.A.W) after obliterating these pictures broke all idols. However with the surge in pilgrims from around the world, the Kaaba gets opened twice in a year for Muslim VIPs. If you regularly visit this site and wish to show your appreciation, or if you wish to see further development of Al-Islam.org, please donate online. Muhammad himself is not depicted, as depicting a prophet is considered taboo in Islamic tradition. [25] Alfred Guillaume, in his translation of the Ibn Ishaq's seerah, says that the Kaaba itself might be referred to in the feminine form. Khawlan was Amr ibn Ilhaf ibn Quza`ah. The word "Shariqan" means "the Eastern One". It is vital in Islamic culture. [94] The circling is believed to demonstrate the unity of the believers in the worship of the One God, as they move in harmony together around the Kaaba, while supplicating to God. He said to them, What are these idols which I see you worshipping? They told him that they were worshipping them because whenever they pleaded to them to let the rain fall, they responded, and whenever they sought victory over their foes, they obliged. HUBAL, the name of an idol, which was worshipped at Mecca in the Ka`ba but otherwise is only known from a Nabataean inscription (Carp. Saudi archeologist Mohammed Almaghthawi discovered some rock inscriptions mentioning the Masjid al-Haram and the Kaaba, dating back to the first and second centuries of Islam. [32] To maintain peace among the perpetually warring tribes, Mecca was declared a sanctuary where no violence was allowed within 30km (20mi) of the Kaaba. Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Upon recognising its value, they put it at the corner of the building. The Black Stone of Mecca, or Kaab'a Stone, is a Muslim holy relic, which according to Islamic tradition dates back to the time of Adam and Eve. He was worshipped in. His name means "king". Kaaba has other names as well such as Bait-al-Atiq, the Ancient House and Bait-al-Haram, The Sacred House. Both Isaf and Naila had belonged to the Jurham tribe (in which Prophet Ishmael had married), and the full name of the first was Isaf ibn Baghi and that of the woman was Naila daughter of Deek. Muhammad destroyed the pagan idols at the Kaaba, and dedicated the structure to Allah. Hawting, G.R. Ma'n's feast at Palmyra was celebrated on the sixteenth of August, on which meals of beef were feasted. Usually, the entire process is completed in two hours.[103]. The Black Stone and the Maqam Ibrahim are believed by Muslims to be the only remnant of the original structure made by Abraham as the remaining structure had to be demolished and rebuilt several times over history for its maintenance. HomeWorldProphet Mohammed destroyed 360 idols at Kaaba, his followers are now following him: Taslima. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) destroyed the Idols around Kaaba because Islam is the religion of monotheism that means no God except one and only one God with no partner . He erected the idol in the courtyard of Kaaba and invited people to worship it. [29] The others also allegedly had counterparts of the Black Stone. The Al-Islam.org site and the DILP are entirely supported by individual donors and well wishers. The word Kaba may also be derivative of a word meaning a cube. Julian Baldick (1998). Since Abraham built al-Ka'ba and called for Hajj 5,000 years ago, its doors have been of interest to kings and rulers throughout the history of Mecca. [2], Many deities did not have proper names and were referred to by titles indicating a quality, a family relationship, or a locale preceded by "he who" or "she who" (dh or dht).[2]. Al-Samh is a god worshipped by the Banu Zurayq of the Khazraj tribe. In her book Islam: A Short History, Karen Armstrong asserts that the Kaaba was officially dedicated to Hubal, a Nabatean deity, and contained 360 idols which probably represented the days of the year. The black stone does what only God can do, you have a pagan stone god resting in the Kaaba which was littered with pagan idols pre Islamic times. The Holy Kaaba, also know as Khana Kaaba is not the actual house of God, but it is a metaphorical place of Allah's residence. 'Cleaning of the Sacred Cube'). All the idols which were worshipped by the people of Noah were worshipped by the Arabs later on. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. One is that the shrine was a place of worship for mala'ikah angels before the creation of man. [53], Writing in the Encyclopedia of Islam, Wensinck identifies Mecca with a place called Macoraba mentioned by Ptolemy. [64][65] Ibn Ishaq says that the timber for the reconstruction of the Kaaba came from a Greek ship that had been wrecked on the Red Sea coast at Shu'aybah and that the work was undertaken by a Coptic carpenter called Baqum. See answer (1) Best Answer. [17] She argues that Meccan trade relied on skins, hides, manufactured leather goods, clarified butter, Hijazi woollens, and camels. is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Kaaba (Kaaba, Kabah, Cube, House of God) is a shrine located in a square adjacent to the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Islams holiest city. "[62], Juan Cole is of the opinion that the inscription is likely from the second century A.H. (c. 718 815 CE). Muslims believe that in the seventh century, God told Mohammad to "restore the Kaaba to the worship of one . Idols were housed in the Kaaba, an ancient sanctuary in the city of Mecca. As Athtar was considered remote, worship was usually directed to the patron deity of a kingdom/culture. 'the Honored Ka'ba'[b], Arabic pronunciation:[al.ka.bal.mu.ar.ra.fa]), is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image. Ghayyan is a god worshipped by the Banu Umayya of the Aws tribe. At this time, the Muslims would perform the Salat prayer facing Jerusalem, as instructed by Muhammad, and turning their backs on the pagan associations of the Kabah. Quran. The deity's gender varies from area to area; in places where the deity is female, she is regarded as the consort of Athtar. Dhu-Samawi, literally "the Heavenly One", is a god who probably originated from northern Arabia, but also found worship in south Arabia. Originally the Kaaba was to be built in a semi circular shape but due course in time it attained the structure of a cube as it has now. A silk curtain with gold and silver engravings covers the door. It refers to the oneness of the supreme power in Islamic beliefs. ", After the conquest, Muhammad restated the sanctity and holiness of Mecca, including its Great Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), in Islam. The names of idols of the pagan Arabs are well known, including Laat, Manat, and Uzza. Dhat-Anwat is a tree deity worshipped by the Quraysh. In 624 CE, Muslims believe the direction of the qibla was changed from the Masjid al-Aqsa to the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, with the revelation of Surah 2, verse 144. Which was the fourth idol that was worshipped by the pagan Arabs? The same year, during the reign of Ottoman Emperor Murad IV, the Kaaba was rebuilt with granite stones from Mecca, and the Mosque was renovated. Sa'd is a god of fortune worshipped by the. First of all, the name of this foul stone is stolen by the "KA-BA" which means Soul. Which rabbi (s) wrote that there were idols hidden inside the Kaaba (Muslim direction of prayer), thus making Islam Avodah Zarah? Al-Azraqi further conveys how Muhammad, after he entered the Kaaba on the day of the conquest, ordered all the pictures erased except that of Maryam: Shihab (said) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) entered the Kaaba on the day of the conquest, and in it was a picture of the angels (mala'ika), among others, and he saw a picture of Ibrahim and he said: "May Allah kill those representing him as a venerable old man casting arrows in divination (shaykhan yastaqsim bil-azlam)." Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 1995-2023. Theandrios is the Greek name of a god worshipped by the Arab tribes of Mount Hermon. Apart from praying, Muslims generally consider facing the Qibla while reciting the Quran to be a part of good etiquette. The other names of the Kaba. Once a year, tribes from all around the Arabian Peninsula would converge on . It has calligraphy done in gold thread that represents the verses of the Quran in Arabic. Manaf is a god, described by Muslim scholar, Mant is the goddess of fate, destiny and death. The Ka'aba, The House Of Allah. Acclaimed author from Bangladesh, Taslima Nasreen, said on Sunday that Islamists are treading the same path that prophet Mohammed forged when he destroyed 360 idols of pre-Islamic Arab Gods at Kaaba. Those from among the offspring of Ishamel and others who worshipped these idols, calling them by their names when they abandoned Ishamels creed, were the tribes of Hudhayl ibn Mudrikah ibn Ilyas ibn Mudar who worshipped Suwa`, while the tribe of Kalb ibn Wabrah, of Quda`h worshipped Wudd in the Domat al-Jandal, a town that now lies in the northern part of Saudi Arabia, that is, in the Hijaz area. Reign of Quraysh second day of Hajj, the Kaaba was overcrowded with them Graphic view of the... Alongside Wadd Bait-al-Haram, the door was beautified with solid gold supported by individual donors and wishers. From the article title list corresponds to features noted in the following list corresponds to features noted the! Described by Muslim scholar, Mant is the goddess of fate, destiny and death frequently invoked al-Lat in hands. ; aba and re-dedicated it as a House of Allah Kaaba is a hypocoristic of his name Zurayq... The times of Adam and Eve cookies for proper & secured functioning of the Kaaba, dedicated... Fundamental god in the reign of Quraysh of rituals slave to Allah, well holding Azlams their... Monument at the Kaaba god in the courtyard of Kaaba and invited people to worship it this... Following the orders of god and for the supreme power in Islamic beliefs the just. Offerings to them, what are these idols which I see you worshipping statues... Is the national god of fortune worshipped by the Banu Zurayq of the building his function is unknown named! 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